@MISC{,
  title = {{Communities' Knowledge and Experts' Viewpoints in Digital Libraries }},
  author = {{Andrea} {Iacovella} and {Aurélien} {Bénel}},
  booktitle = {The International Document Summer School, Tromsø (Norway), June 27-July 3rd, 2005},
  abstract = {When building a knowledge and documents management system, it is often
      considered that an "ontology" (i.e. a consensual model of the domain) is
      needed.
      As a matter of fact, in expert domains (humanities, medical care, engineering,
      law...), we can find several contradictory "ontologies". Moreover, these
      conflicting "viewpoints" result in a debate which is the sign of a sense making
      activity.
      This does not mean that a domain is not built on a background knowledge, or that
      there are no media to record this knowledge on. But how do experts use these
      media throughout their activities? May we say that becoming an expert is like
      moving away from a beacon?},
}